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mRNA癌症疫苗不是梦？_我的网站

A |     BioNTech是德国一家生物技术公司，主要业务为开发和生产针对特定患者的治疗严重疾病的有效免疫疗法。

B | 在新冠疫情暴发之前，BioNTech一直在研究mRNA癌症疫苗。

C |     

A documentary on the domestically developed Y-20 large transport aircraft family, aired by state media on Wednesday evening, revealed that the Y-20B can switch between transport and aerial refueling functions. A pilot said the aircraft could also take on roles including bomber, early warning aircraft and electronic warfare platform. 
With such modifications, the Y-20B platform offers significant advantages in mission flexibility and support capabilities, a military affairs expert told the Global Times.
According to the video released by state broadcaster CCTV News, since the Y-20 was equipped with the domestically developed high-bypass-ratio turbofan WS-20 engine - nicknamed "Chinese heart" - the Y-20B's mission profile has become more flexible. While it is primarily a transport aircraft, it can be quickly converted into an aerial refueling tanker by adding refueling pods and related kits. The line between transport and tanker aircraft is increasingly blurred, and this has significantly expanded the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) Air Force's tanker fleet.
Previously, a promotional video released by China Military Bugle, an official media account affiliated with the PLA news media center, showed that in 2025, the Y-20B was fitted with the WS-20, making it more powerful, more fuel-efficient, longer-ranged and part of a growing family of aircraft.
In the CCTV documentary, Pang Rongqi, a member of an Air Force aviation unit, said: "As a transport aircraft platform, the Y-20 is unique to our country and will play an increasingly important role in the future. The boundaries between transport aircraft and bombers, early warning aircraft, or even electronic warfare aircraft are becoming increasingly blurred. It is possible that all these missions could be accomplished with our transport aircraft platform."
Song Zhongping, a Chinese military affairs expert, told the Global Times on Thursday that the key message from this official release is that the Y-20B is a multi-role platform capable of rapid switching between transport and refueling functions. 
The fully domestically developed Y-20B itself is an integrated transport-tanker platform, embodying the concept of a multi-role tanker transport (MRTT). By equipping different functional pods, it can quickly change roles: With refueling pods, it becomes a tanker; with electronic jamming pods, it becomes an electronic warfare platform; with bombing modules, it could potentially perform bombing missions; and with early warning modules, it can serve as an airborne early warning platform, Song said.
It is not uncommon internationally to modify transport aircraft for special roles, including bomber-like missions. In March 2021, the US Air Force converted an MC-130J transport aircraft into a bomber by having it drop a JASSM (Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile) deployment box, according to a Forbes report in May 2021. 
Thanks to the Y-20's fully indigenous design, Song said, Chinese engineers have a comprehensive understanding of its aerodynamic configuration, airframe structure, flight control and avionics systems. This means that, as long as the technical conditions are met, modifications can be carried out with greater flexibility and tailored to operational needs. Whether it is a "quick-change" multi-role configuration through pod-based modularization, or deeper modifications, such as installing large radar domes for dedicated early warning aircraft or adding more fuel tanks for dedicated tankers, all can be flexibly achieved.
Song also said that the Y-20B can quickly switch between transport, tanker and electronic warfare roles by mounting different pods, achieving multi-role capability and greatly enhancing the PLA Air Force's mission flexibility and support efficiency.
Its platform potential is vast. It can be deeply modified into dedicated special mission aircraft such as early warning or electronic warfare platforms, filling critical capability gaps in the Air Force. At the same time, it can maintain its basic transport function and, when needed, rapidly transform into other combat platforms through modularization, becoming a true all-rounder.
The core value of this flexibility is that it allows rapid reconfiguration based on wartime mission requirements, while in peacetime it can perform routine transport missions, maximizing equipment effectiveness. The Y-20B's service not only represents a leap in China's strategic projection capability but also provides critical support for the PLA Air Force in building a systematic and diversified air capability, Song noted.
On July 6, 2016, the Y-20, China's domestically developed next-generation large military transport aircraft, officially entered service with PLA Air Force aviation units. A decade later, the Y-20 has evolved from a single transport platform into a family of models including the Y-20A, Y-20B and YU-20 aerial refueling tanker, with its operations extending to more than 40 countries and regions across four continents, according to the Aviation Industry Corporation of China, the aircraft's manufacturer, on its WeChat account in June 2026.
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D | 但在疫情全球蔓延之后，该公司转而研发新冠疫苗。在新冠疫情期间，辉瑞公司与百欧恩泰公司联合开发的mRNA疫苗是美国食品和药物管理部门批准的第一个新冠肺炎疫苗。当时，该疫苗显示出了91%的有效性，此后被证明能够减少因新冠肺炎导致的住院和死亡人数。此外，Moderna的mRNA新冠疫苗也经美国药品监督管理局FDA批准获得紧急使用授权，直接推动mRNA疫苗成为全球关注热点，2021年度《麻省理工科技评论》“全球十大突破性技术”名单之首即为mRNA疫苗。在那之后，诸多药企入局，希望将mRNA疫苗的适应证范围扩展到其他感染性疾病、肿瘤等领域。科学家们称，这场大流行病可能造成的影响之一就是加速癌症疫苗的发明。据BioNTech官网，该公司现在有几种癌症疫苗处于临床试验阶段。其拥有超过30个产品管线，肿瘤相关的约15个，其正在开发针对直肠癌、黑色素瘤和其他癌症类型的治疗方法。吴沙忻表示，辉瑞和BioNTech成功研发出新冠疫苗，也推动了该公司在研发癌症疫苗方面的工作。有业内人士表示，在大的分类上，肿瘤疫苗可区分为预防性肿瘤疫苗和治疗性肿瘤疫苗。其中，最为典型和广为人熟知的预防性肿瘤疫苗即为HPV疫苗，预防宫颈癌发生。但作为治疗疫苗，mRNA癌症疫苗研发难度仍然较大。

E | 疫苗专家陶黎纳表示，与通过较弱版本病毒制造出的传统疫苗不同，mRNA技术只使用病毒的遗传密码。当mRNA进入人体时，它也会进入细胞，令其制造相关抗原。因此，mRNA疫苗在疫苗作用机制上并无突破，就是刺激免疫系统的强度大了不少，是否能成就癌症疫苗的招牌，有待实践检验。此外，因为构成肿瘤的癌细胞中可能含有多种不同的蛋白质，使得制造针对所有癌细胞而不针对健康组织的疫苗变得极其困难。“疫苗的免疫机制是利用免疫系统针对异己的免疫反应。免疫系统也有针对叛变的自己——癌细胞的免疫机制，但和针对异己的不一样。所以，以建立在针对异己机制上的疫苗原理，去研发针对自己细胞的癌症疫苗，存在机制上的限制，难度大在这里。” 陶黎纳进一步解释道。对于疫苗上市的时间以及是否有效等问题，北京商报记者联系了BioNTech方面，但截至发稿还未收到回复。不过BioNTech对此持谨慎态度。蒂雷吉表示，作为科学家，不能轻言“治愈”癌症，但目前已经取得了许多突破。

F | 事实上，此前已有企业在布局癌症疫苗。2010年4月，FDA批准第一款治疗性疫苗Provenge，用于治疗前列腺癌。但Provenge并未带来颠覆性的疗效。临床试验结果显示，比起对照组，Provenge仅将患者的总体生存期延长4.1个月。但Provenge的销量未达预期，其研发公司Dendreon也以破产告终。因为Provenge疗效一般，但价格昂贵。

G | Provenge属于自体细胞免疫疗法，需使用患者自身的免疫细胞制造，成本较高，每疗程价格高达9.3万美元。而同样治疗前列腺癌的阿比特龙和恩杂鲁胺分别在2011年和2012年上市，价格仅为Provenge的一半。值得注意的是，除了BioNTech，在mRNA药物治疗领域，Moderna、默沙东、葛兰素史克、斯微生物、艾博生物等企业均有布局。截至2022年3月31日，全球mRNA药物进入临床管线的共有56个，研发主要集中在疫苗领域。

H | 智慧芽全球新药情报库Pharmsnap数据平台显示，BioNTech和Moderna是走在前沿的两家企业，结直肠癌、黑色素瘤等在研适应症均处于临床2期。据报道，10月中旬，Moderna宣布与国际药企默沙东合作，将联合开发并销售一种个性化精准治疗癌症疫苗，推动Moderna的mRNA技术与默沙东PD-1肿瘤疗法Keytruda（K药）联用，探索治疗高危黑色素瘤患者。根据协议，默沙东将向Moderna支付2.5亿美元。

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Published on:20:50:33