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Russia taking heavy losses as it wages new offensive in Ukraine_我的网站

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一 | KYIV, Ukraine -- Russia appears to be suffering severe losses as it wages its new offensive in eastern Ukraine, amid some of the bloodiest fighting in months, according to Ukrainian officials and independent analysts.Russia has thrown thousands of troops and hundreds of tanks and armored vehicles into the offensive, which is focused mainly on the strategic city of Avdiivka and further north near the city of Kupiansk. Russian forces for roughly two weeks have been trying to encircle Avdiivka, which is one of the most heavily fortified areas of Ukraine's frontline.Ukrainian officials on Sunday claimed Russia had lost over 6,000 soldiers in a week, as well as over 400 armored vehicles and tanks. Britain's defense intelligence claimed Russian casualties have spiked by 90% since it began the offensive.ABC cannot independently verify those numbers, but numerous videos of the Russian attacks around Avdiivka released by Ukrainian units suggest Russia is taking losses on a scale not since last winter.Some of the videos show columns of Russian armor coming under withering Ukrainian fire as they try to advance, pummelled by artillery and anti-tank missiles, and running into minefields. In other videos, Russian forces can be seen being barraged by U.S.-supplied cluster munitions. Large groups of Russian infantry can be seen being struck by artillery.Open source analysts watching the videos have counted dozens of Russian vehicles destroyed and damaged.Ukraine does not publish its own casualties, but Ukrainian officials have acknowledged they are also large.So far Russian forces have made little progress, only advancing a few hundred meters, near Avdiivka, according to both Ukrainian and Russian accounts.But despite the losses, Russia is continuing its efforts to encircle Avdiivka. The Washington, D.C.-based Institute for the Study of War on Sunday assessed Russia was moving more troops up to continue the attack."Russian forces are funneling additional forces to the Avdiivka front despite ongoing challenges with frontal mechanized assaults and the failure of a renewed push on October 19-20," the ISW wrote in its daily update on the war.Ukrainian officials have said they believe the determined Russian effort to seize Avdiivka is motivated by the Kremlin's desire to claim a significant victory ahead of Russia's presidential elections next year."It appears that Russian forces are continuing to use ineffective and costly tactics in offensive efforts near Avdiivka leading to high personnel and vehicle losses, and that they have continuously done so in several waves of attacks over the past week suggests that the Russian military command is prioritizing this axis, despite continued and growing losses," the ISW wrote in an earlier assessment on Saturday.Some Russian pro-war military bloggers have criticised how the operation has been handled and the decision to attack the most heavily fortified area of Ukraine's line, given the small progress so far.Analysts, however, have warned that despite the catastrophic losses, Russia may still be able to encircle Avdiivka and that it still has sizeable reserves in the area.Vitaliy Barabash, the head of Avdiivka's Ukrainian military administration, on Monday said Russian forces were attempting to cut the only road leading to the city, which would isolate the Ukrainian forces defending it."Logistics are very difficult. Twenty two kilometers to the city are constantly under fire, both during the day and at night. It greatly complicates both evacuation and bringing in humanitarian aid. Any logistics is all through one road. Of course, the enemy is trying to cut it," Barabash said in a live interview with RFE/RL.He also said that 1,601 civilians still in Avdiivka did not want to leave.Ukraine is also still on the offensive. In the past week, an unusually large force from two elite Ukrainian Marine brigades landed on the Russian-occupied eastern bank of the Dneipr river in the Kherson region. The Ukrainian units have advanced into at least two villages there and are digging in, according to Russian military bloggers.The scale of the operation is still very unclear, but it appears Ukraine may be attempting to establish a bridgehead there that if successful could create a possibility for it to move larger forces across for a bigger attack, potentially opening a new front in its counteroffensive. For now, most analysts assess the size of the Ukrainian force operating on the eastern bank is still small.Ukrainian forces are also continuing to attack on the main axis of the counteroffensive in the southern Zaporizhzhia region and around the city of Bakhmut, reportedly making small advances.。

二 | 7月20日消息，据韩国媒体ZDNet Korea报道，全球存储三大巨头——三星电子、SK海力士、美光近期已相继叫停或大幅缩减针对下一代互连技术CXL（Compute Express Link）控制器的自主研发项目。报道指出，三家存储巨头此举主要是为了避免陷入“自我侵蚀”（cannibalization）的两难境地：若强行向市场推广自研的高端CXL控制器芯片，反而可能蚕食其核心利润来源——通用DRAM（DIMM）的市场需求。目前，这三家巨头正迅速从自主设计路线，转向采用专业无晶圆厂（Fabless）企业芯片的外包体系。各自路线调整：从自研到外购据半导体业界消息，三星电子、SK海力士、美光均已缩减或搁置了用于CXL扩展设备的控制器商用化计划，原本由它们自研填补的市场空间，正被Montage（澜起科技）、Astera Labs、PrimeMass等无晶圆厂企业快速填充。其中，美光是最先放弃自主研发的厂商。

三 | 该公司已解散其独立的CXL控制器研发团队，并全面采用PrimeMass的解决方案。目前，在美光的产品目录中，也已同步出现PrimeMass的解决方案。 SK海力士近期则正式向其主要合作伙伴通报，将停止CXL控制器的自研项目。公司正将相关研发人员重新调配至新一代运算用内存半导体——PIM（Processing In Memory，存内处理）领域，意图将有限的研发资源集中于更具确定性的未来增长点。三星电子的策略调整更为微妙。公司将其自主研发的CXL控制器从开发团队中剥离，仅保留用于内部研究。该团队目前的研究方向已转向基于LPDDR（低功耗DRAM）的CXL解决方案等尚未经过验证的领域。而在对外销售时，三星将采购并使用无晶圆厂企业的控制器。这与三星电子最初的蓝图大相径庭。三星原计划推出结合自研控制器与CMM（CXL Memory Module）的模组产品，但其自研控制器的正式产品化计划现已从官方路线图中删除。一位熟悉情况的半导体业界人士透露：“三星内部的产品规划部门已将自研控制器从正式商品化课题中移除，仅保留为先行研发课题。目前团队仅围绕移动DRAM与CXL结合等短期内商用化不明朗的领域进行研究，这实际上已转向市场探索阶段。” “一体化”与“分立式”的商业模式冲突报道分析认为，存储三巨头战略转向的根本原因，在于其最初构想的商业模式与客户需求发生了根本性冲突。三家厂商最初的构想是销售类似“一体化CXL模组”的高附加值产品，即将自研控制器芯片与DRAM集成于同一基板，作为高价成品供应。然而，主要数据中心客户为节省庞大的基础设施建设成本，却强烈倾向于“分立式”结构：即在系统主板上单独搭载CXL控制器，并在后端插槽中插入市场上常见、价格低廉的通用DRAM（DIMM）进行再利用。这种矛盾直接触发了“自我侵蚀”风险。若内存厂商强行推广高价一体化产品，客户将可能减少采购，同时，原来大量出货的通用DRAM需求也可能随之萎缩。

四 | 一位半导体业界人士分析称：“从内存制造商的角度看，若自家CXL扩展设备成品需在市场上与核心‘现金牛’DIMM产品正面竞争，业务便难以大力推进。管理层的冷静判断是，在承担冲突风险下强行商业化自研控制器并无实际利益。” 回归生态分工，并非技术退缩专家强调，不应将三巨头的这一集体行动解读为对CXL技术或市场的退缩与放弃，而应视为在不确定的市场初期阶段化解风险，并回归半导体生态系统高效分工的理性选择。